Agar was first introduced into the laboratory in 1881. Since then, microbiologists have depended on agar to create strong jellies. When microorganisms are streaked or plated onto this jellied surface and incubated, individual cells multiply into distinct colonies that scientists can easily observe, select, and propagate for further experiments. Many of the most important findings in biological research of the last 150 years or so — including the discovery of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tool — have been enabled by agar.4 Agarose, a derivative of agar, is also essential in molecular biology techniques like gel electrophoresis, where its porous gel matrix separates DNA fragments by size, enabling researchers to analyze and isolate specific genetic sequences.
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在头部行业中,半导体业下滑较为明显——在披露研发人员的企业数量增长47.58%的情况下,研发人员增速仅为7.71%,导致平均值的跌幅达到27.02%。叠加研发投入五年增长53.87%,说明该行业的资金优先投向了技术与设备,而非人力扩张。